Africa_Land_Surface.tif.vat
Table
8
OID
OID
OID
4
0
0
Internal feature number.
Esri
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Value
Value
Double
10
10
0
Count_
Count_
Double
19
18
8
Red
Red
Double
19
18
8
Green
Green
Double
19
18
8
Blue
Blue
Double
19
18
8
Opacity
Opacity
Double
19
18
8
Land_surf_
Land_surf_
String
40
0
0
Africa_Land_Surface.tif
-25.361482
63.502685
-46.982806
37.542194
1
002
Geographic
GCS_WGS_1984
Angular Unit: Degree (0.017453)
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4
TRUE
LZW
1
TIFF
TRUE
discrete
unsigned integer
15
20150210
17253500
20150210
17253500
1.0
ISO19139
150000000
5000
original metadata
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{AF1E94F6-3C18-49B3-923F-514AA37F2ED0}
dataset
Eric Kabuchanga
RCMRD
System Developer
20150210
ArcGIS Metadata
1.0
Africa_Land_Surface.tif
2009-09-01T00:00:00
Roger Sayre
U.S. Geological Survey, Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Unit
Senior Scientist
Roger Sayre
U.S. Geological Survey, Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Unit
Senior Scientist
Eric Kabuchanga
RCMRD
System Developer
The land surface forms were identified using the method developed by the Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership (MoRAP). The MoRAP method is an automated land surface form classification based on Hammond's (1964a, 1964b) classification. MoRAP made modifications to Hammond's classification, which allowed finer-resolution elevation data to be used as input data and analyses to be made using 1 km2 moving window (True, 2002; True et al., 2000). While Hammond's methodology was based on three variables, slope, local relief, and profile type, MoRAP's methodology uses only slope and local relief (True, 2002). Slope is classified as gently sloping or not gently sloping using a threshold value of 8%. Local relief, the difference between the maximum and minimum elevation in a 1km2 neighborhood for analysis, is classified into five classes (0-15m, 16-30m, 31-90m, 91-150m, and >150m). Slope classes and relief classes were subsequently combined to produce eight land surface form classes (flat plains, smooth plains, irregular plains, escarpments, low hills, hills, breaks/foothills, and low mountains). In the implementation for the contiguous United States, Sayre et al. (2009) further refined the MoRAP methodology to identify a new land surface form class, "high mountains/deep canyons", by using an additional local relief class (>400 m). This method was implemented for Africa using a void-filled 90m SRTM elevation dataset which was created from the 30m SRTM elevation data provided by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. In the preliminary output, which had nine land surface form classes (flat plains, smooth plains, irregular plains, escarpments, low hills, hills, breaks/foothills, and low mountains, and high mountains/deep canyons), artifacts were identified over flat desert areas affecting the classification between the two lowest relief classes, "flat plains" and "smooth plains." Since this problem was especially pronounced in areas where the input SRTM elevation data originally had data-voids, the problem could have been caused by anomalies or artifacts in the input data, which resulted from the void-filling processes. Instead of further investigating causes of the problem, the two land surface form classes were combined. In addition, the "low hills" class which had a very low occurrence was combined with the "hills" class. As a result, seven land surface form classes were identified in the final dataset (smooth plains, irregular plains, escarpments, hills, breaks/foothills, low mountains, and high mountains/deep canyons). References: Hammond, E.H., 1964a. Analysis of Properties in Land Form Geography - An Application to Broad-Scale Land Form Mapping. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 54, no. 1, p. 11-19. Hammond, E.H. 1964b. Classes of land surface form in the forty-eight states, U.S.A. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 54(1): map supplement no. 4, 1: 5,000,000. Sayre, R., P. Comer, H. Warner, and J. Cress. 2009. A new map of standardized terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States: U. S. Geological Survey professional Paper 1768, 17 p. True, D. 2002. Landforms of the Lower Mid-West. Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership. MoRAP Map Series MS-2003-001, scale 1:1,500,000. <http://www.cerc.usgs.gov/morap/Assets/maps/Landforms_of_the_Lower_Mid-West_MS-2002-01.pdf>. True, D., T. Gordon, and D. Diamond. 2000. How the size of a sliding window impacts the generation of landforms. Missouri Resources Assessment Partnership. <http://www.cerc.cr.usgs.gov/morap/projects/landform_model/landforms2001_files/frame.htm>.
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Africa Land Surface Forms
RCMRD-SERVIR Africa Team
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Hills
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